Background: Mild obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder in adults; however, whether
mild OSA has significant neurocognitive and cardiovascular complications
is uncertain.
Objectives: The specific goals of this
Research Statement are to appraise the evidence regarding whether
long-term adverse neurocognitive and cardiovascular outcomes are
attributable to mild OSA in adults, evaluate whether or not treatment of
mild OSA is effective at preventing or reducing these adverse
neurocognitive and cardiovascular outcomes, delineate the key research
gaps, and provide direction for future research agendas.
Methods:
Literature searches from multiple reference databases were performed
using medical subject headings and text words for OSA in adults as well
as by hand searches. Pragmatic systematic reviews of the relevant body
of evidence were performed.
Results: Studies were
incongruent in their definitions of “mild” OSA. Data were inconsistent
regarding the relationship between mild OSA and daytime sleepiness.
However, treatment of mild OSA may improve sleepiness in patients who
are sleepy at baseline and improve quality of life. There is limited or
inconsistent evidence pertaining to the impact of therapy of mild OSA on
neurocognition, mood, vehicle accidents, cardiovascular events, stroke,
and arrhythmias.
Conclusions: There is
evidence that treatment of mild OSA in individuals who demonstrate
subjective sleepiness may be beneficial. Treatment may also improve
quality of life. Future research agendas should focus on clarifying the
effect of mild OSA and impact of effective treatment on other
neurocognitive and cardiovascular endpoints as detailed in the document.
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