Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality
worldwide, and at only 18%, it has one of the lowest 5-year survival
rates of all malignancies. With its highly complex mutational landscape,
treatment strategies against lung cancer have proved largely
ineffective. However with the recent success of immunotherapy trials in
lung cancer, there is renewed enthusiasm in targeting the immune
component of tumors. Macrophages make up the majority of the immune
infiltrate in tumors and are a key cell type linking inflammation and
cancer. Although the mechanisms through which inflammation promotes
cancer are not fully understood, two connected hypotheses have emerged:
an intrinsic pathway, driven by genetic alterations that lead to
neoplasia and inflammation, and an extrinsic pathway, driven by
inflammatory conditions that increase cancer risk. Here, we discuss the
contribution of macrophages to these pathways and subsequently their
roles in established tumors. We highlight studies investigating the
association of macrophages with lung cancer prognosis and discuss
emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting macrophages in the tumor
microenvironment.
Read More: http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201508-1545CI#.VrOZtuZJ-Ul
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