Background
Limited
data are available for the efficacy of triple therapy with two
long-acting bronchodilators and an inhaled corticosteroid in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We compared treatment with
extrafine beclometasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate, and
glycopyrronium bromide (BDP/FF/GB; fixed triple) with tiotropium, and
BDP/FF plus tiotropium (open triple).
Methods
For
this double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial,
eligible patients had COPD, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume
in 1 s (FEV1) of less than 50%, at least one
moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbation in the previous 12 months, and a
COPD Assessment Test total score of at least 10. After a 2-week run-in
period receiving one inhalation per day via single-dose dry-powder
inhaler of open-label 18 μg tiotropium, patients were randomised (2:2:1)
using a interactive response technology system to 52 weeks treatment
with tiotropium, fixed triple, or open triple. Randomisation was
stratified by country and severity of airflow limitation. The primary
endpoint was moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbation rate. The key
secondary endpoint was change from baseline in pre-dose FEV1 at week 52. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01911364.
Findings
Between
Jan 21, 2014, and March 18, 2016, 2691 patients received fixed triple
(n=1078), tiotropium (n=1075), or open triple (n=538).
Moderate-to-severe exacerbation rates were 0.46 (95% CI 0.41–0.51) for
fixed triple, 0.57 (0.52–0.63) for tiotropium, and 0·45 (0.39–0.52) for
open triple; fixed triple was superior to tiotropium (rate ratio 0.80
[95% CI 0.69–0.92]; p=0.0025). For week 52 pre-dose FEV1,
fixed triple was superior to tiotropium (mean difference 0·061 L [0.037
to 0.086]; p<0·0001) and non-inferior to open triple (−0.003L [–0.033
to 0.027]; p=0.85). Adverse events were reported by 594 (55%) patients
with fixed triple, 622 (58%) with tiotropium, and 309 (58%) with open
triple.
Interpretation
In
our TRINITY study, treatment with extrafine fixed triple therapy had
clinical benefits compared with tiotropium in patients with symptomatic
COPD, FEV1 of less than 50%, and a history of exacerbations.
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