A critical review outlining the toxicological profile and immunological consequences of e-cigarette use was published these days in European Respiratory Review!
Knowledge of the long-term toxicological and immunological effects of
e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosols remains elusive due to the relatively short
existence of vaping. Therefore, we performed a systematic search of
articles published in public databases and analysed the research
evidence in order to provide critical information regarding e-cig
safety. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (or e-cigs) are an
alternative to traditional cigarettes for the delivery of nicotine and
are typically filled with glycerol or propylene glycol-based solutions
known as e-liquids. Though present in lower quantities, e-cig aerosols
are known to contain many of the harmful chemicals found in tobacco
smoke.
However, due to the paucity of experimental data and
contradictory evidence, it is difficult to draw conclusive outcomes
regarding toxicological, immunological and clinical impacts of e-cig
aerosols. Excessive vaping has been reported to induce inflammatory
responses including mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus tyrosine
kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear
factor-κB signalling, similar to that induced by tobacco smoke.
Based on
recent evidence, prolonged exposure to some constituents of e-cig
aerosols might result in respiratory complications such as asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inflammation.
Future studies
are warranted that focus on establishing correlations between e-cig
types, generations and e-liquid flavours and immunological and
toxicological profiles to broaden our understanding about the effects of
vaping.
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I was suffering for herpes five years, from age 25 to age 30. I am now age 31 plus and was diagnosed with herpes. I had for some time now noticed having difficulty pain. Never in my wildest dreams did it cross my mind that I may develop a serious herpes disease. early this year January i purchased herbal remedy from Dr Ajayi, after taking it for 21 days, I was totally reversed within 21 days of usage am so happy to share this great news to everyone and i want to advice anyone suffering from such disease herpes to quickly email Dr Ajayi via { ajayiherbalhome@gmail.com } ...
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